Draw the Diagram of D/A Converter

The D/A converter converts digital or binary data into its equivalent analog value. The input digital data for a D/A converter is an n-bit binary word D. The bit b₁ is called the most significant bit (MSB) and bit b_n is the least significant bit (LSB). Then, the quantity D can be represented by
D = b₁2^-1 + b₂2^-2 + b₃2^-3 +…+ b_n2^-n

The D/A converter accepts the binary input D and produces an analog output, which is proportional to D using a reference voltage V_R. The converted analog value is either in voltage or current for. For a voltage output D/A converter, the conversion characteristics may be expressed as:
V_o = KV_FS = KV_FS(b₁2^-1 + b₂2^-2 + b₃2^-3 +…+ b_n2^-n)
Where,
V_o = output voltage
V_FS = full-scale range of voltage
K = scaling factor, usually unity
b₁…b_n = n-bit binary fractional word with binary point located at the left.
b₁ = most significant bit (MSB) of weight V_FS/2
b_n = least significant bit (LSB) of weight V_FS/2ⁿ